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Macular Degeneration

BACKGROUND

The macula is in the central part of the retina that is used for more detailed vision, so it tends to affect the center of our visual field. As it has the largest concentration of cells, it also needs more oxygen then the rest of the retina. "Age-Related Macular Degeneration" (ARMD) is a degenerative condition of the macula. It is the most common cause of vision loss in the United States in those 50 or older, and increases with age. ARMD is caused by hardening of the arteries that nourish the retina. Fortunately, macular degeneration does not cause total blindness since it does not affect the peripheral vision.

Two Types of ARMD

Wet ARMD

Around 10% of cases are called "wet ARMD," as new, but fragile, blood vessels try to regrow in to support the macula. These fragile new vessels sometimes leak (hence the name "wet") causing rapid vision loss in the center of 1 eye.

Dry ARMD

The other 90% of cases are called "dry ARMD," and these have a very gradual progression.

TREATMENT

General Diet Advice

A number of studies have shown that good nutrition can slow or prevent the development of macular degeneration.

Fruits and vegetables

It has been proven that people with diets high in fruits and vegetables (especially leafy green vegetables and colorful berries) have a lower incidence of macular degeneration. This is also helped by high levels of the nutrient flavonoids, as well as lutein and zeaxanthin (both found in egg yolks), and lycopene (in tomatoes). In fact, those with high levels of these nutrients had only half the risk of ARMD.

Fish oils and nuts

Fish oils and nuts are protective.

Red wine ok, beer not

Red wine is protective. But beer can worsen ARMD.

Recommended Supplements

Research suggests that a mix of nutrients is more effective than individual ones for ARMD. "Ocudyne II" capsules by Nutricology is good (easily found in many online shops), along with:

Bilberry extract

(25% extract) 40-80 mg 3x day.

Zinc

25-50 mg a day.

Vitamin C

1,000 mg 3x day.

Vitamin E

(Must be natural and mixed tocopherols) 600 units/day.

Selenium

200 mcg a day.

Ginkgo Biloba

(Standardized to 24%) 40-80 mg 3x day.

Other Therapies & Advice

Protect your eyes

Protect your eyes with sunglasses that have UV protection. Ultraviolet rays are believed to cause damage to the pigment cells in the retina.

Quit smoking

Smoking worsens circulation to the retinal blood vessels.

Make reading easier

•
 Use a halogen light. These have less glare than standard light bulbs.
•
 Shine the light directly on your reading material. This improves the contrast and makes the print easier to see.
•
 Use a hand-held magnifier. A cheap drugstore magnifier can increase the print size dramatically.

Laser treatment

For wet ARMD — your eye doctor may recommend laser treatments, which can be added to the treatments above.



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